diff --git a/utils/__init__.py b/utils/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/utils/patching.py b/utils/patching.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e019540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/patching.py
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+
+class PatchOp(str, Enum):
+    """JSON Patch operation types as defined in RFC 6902."""
+
+    ADD = "add"
+    REMOVE = "remove"
+    REPLACE = "replace"
+    MOVE = "move"
+    COPY = "copy"
+    TEST = "test"
+
+
+def gather_paths(schema: Dict[str, Any], base_pointer: str = "") -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """
+    Walk a JSON Schema and map every reachable JSON Pointer -> subschema.
+    For objects: recurse into 'properties'.
+    For arrays: treat the items schema as the path '/*'.
+    """
+    paths = {}
+
+    # Add current path
+    if base_pointer:
+        paths[base_pointer] = schema
+
+    # Handle base schema type
+    if "type" not in schema and base_pointer:
+        # Ensure there's always a type
+        schema["type"] = "object"
+
+    # Handle object types
+    if schema.get("type") == "object":
+        # Add properties
+        for prop, prop_schema in schema.get("properties", {}).items():
+            child_ptr = f"{base_pointer}/{prop}"
+            paths[child_ptr] = prop_schema
+            # Recursively process nested objects
+            if prop_schema.get("type") == "object":
+                paths.update(gather_paths(prop_schema, child_ptr))
+            # Handle array items
+            elif prop_schema.get("type") == "array" and "items" in prop_schema:
+                array_path = f"{child_ptr}/-"  # '-' represents the end of an array
+                paths[array_path] = prop_schema["items"]
+                # Process array item indexing
+                paths.update(gather_paths(prop_schema["items"], f"{child_ptr}/0"))
+
+        # Handle additionalProperties if present
+        if schema.get("additionalProperties"):
+            add_props = schema["additionalProperties"]
+            if isinstance(add_props, dict):
+                wild_path = f"{base_pointer}/*"
+                paths[wild_path] = add_props
+
+    # Handle array types
+    elif schema.get("type") == "array" and "items" in schema:
+        array_path = f"{base_pointer}/-"
+        paths[array_path] = schema["items"]
+        # Process array item indexing
+        paths.update(gather_paths(schema["items"], f"{base_pointer}/0"))
+
+    return paths
+
+
+def op_schema(op: str, pointer: str, value_schema: dict | None) -> dict:
+    """
+    Build a schema fragment for one operation / one pointer.
+    """
+    # Ensure value_schema always has a type
+    if value_schema and "type" not in value_schema:
+        value_schema = {"type": "object", **value_schema}
+
+    # Base schema for the operation
+    base = {
+        "type": "object",
+        "required": ["op", "path"],
+        "properties": {"op": {"type": "string", "enum": [op]}, "path": {"type": "string", "const": pointer}},
+        "additionalProperties": False,
+    }
+
+    # Add value property for operations that require it
+    if op in {"add", "replace", "test"}:
+        base["required"].append("value")
+        if value_schema:
+            base["properties"]["value"] = value_schema
+        else:
+            base["properties"]["value"] = {"type": "null"}
+
+    # Add from property for operations that require it
+    if op in {"move", "copy"}:
+        base["required"].append("from")
+        base["properties"]["from"] = {"type": "string"}
+
+    return base
+
+
+def build_patch_schema(model_schema: dict) -> dict:
+    """
+    Build a JSON Schema that validates JSON Patch operations for the given model schema.
+    """
+    # Gather all paths in the schema
+    paths = gather_paths(model_schema)
+
+    # Generate operation schemas for each path
+    variants = []
+    for ptr, subschema in paths.items():
+        # Handle empty or invalid schemas
+        if not subschema or not isinstance(subschema, dict):
+            subschema = {"type": "object"}
+
+        # Ensure the subschema has a type
+        if "type" not in subschema:
+            # Try to infer type from other properties
+            if "properties" in subschema:
+                subschema["type"] = "object"
+            elif "items" in subschema:
+                subschema["type"] = "array"
+            else:
+                # Default to string if can't determine
+                subschema["type"] = "string"
+
+        # Generate variants for different operations
+        variants.append(op_schema("add", ptr, subschema))
+        variants.append(op_schema("replace", ptr, subschema))
+        variants.append(op_schema("remove", ptr, None))
+        variants.append(op_schema("test", ptr, subschema))
+
+        # For move and copy operations, we'd need to do cross-path validation
+        # For simplicity, we'll skip detailed validation of those here
+
+    # Final patch schema - wrap the array in an object to work with OpenAI's API
+    patch_schema = {
+        "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {"operations": {"type": "array", "items": {"anyOf": variants}}},
+        "required": ["operations"],
+    }
+
+    return patch_schema
+
+
+def MakePatchSchema(model_class: Type[BaseModel]) -> Type[BaseModel]:
+    """
+    Create a Pydantic model that represents valid JSON Patch operations for the given model.
+
+    Args:
+        model_class: The Pydantic model to create a patch schema for
+
+    Returns:
+        A new Pydantic model class that validates JSON Patch operations
+    """
+    # Get the JSON schema for the model
+    model_schema = model_class.model_json_schema()
+
+    # Build the patch schema
+    patch_schema = build_patch_schema(model_schema)
+
+    # Create a Pydantic model for a single patch operation
+    class PatchOperation(BaseModel):
+        op: PatchOp
+        path: str
+        value: Optional[Any] = None
+        from_: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="from")
+
+        model_config = {"populate_by_name": True, "extra": "forbid"}
+
+    # Create a model for the patch (array of operations wrapped in an object)
+    class JsonPatchDocument(BaseModel):
+        operations: List[PatchOperation] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+        model_config = {
+            "populate_by_name": True,
+            "extra": "forbid",
+            "json_schema_extra": lambda schema: schema.update(patch_schema),
+        }
+
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return iter(self.operations)
+
+        def __getitem__(self, item):
+            return self.operations[item]
+
+        @classmethod
+        def parse_obj(cls, obj):
+            """Parse a JSON object into a patch document."""
+            if isinstance(obj, (str, bytes)):
+                obj = json.loads(obj)
+
+            # Expect an object with an "operations" key
+            if isinstance(obj, dict) and "operations" in obj:
+                return cls(operations=obj["operations"])
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Input must be an object with an 'operations' field containing an array of patch operations"
+                )
+
+        def model_json_schema(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+            """Return the JSON Schema as a dict."""
+            return patch_schema
+
+        def apply(self, target: Union[str, dict, BaseModel]) -> dict:
+            """
+            Apply the patch to a target, which can be a JSON string, dict, or Pydantic model.
+
+            Args:
+                target: The target to apply the patch to
+
+            Returns:
+                The patched data as a dict
+            """
+            # Convert the target to a dict
+            if isinstance(target, str):
+                target_dict = json.loads(target)
+            elif isinstance(target, BaseModel):
+                target_dict = target.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
+            else:
+                target_dict = dict(target)
+
+            # Apply operations in sequence
+            for op in self.operations:
+                path_parts = op.path.strip("/").split("/") if op.path != "/" else []
+
+                if op.op == PatchOp.REPLACE:
+                    target_dict = apply_replace(target_dict, path_parts, op.value)
+                elif op.op == PatchOp.ADD:
+                    target_dict = apply_add(target_dict, path_parts, op.value)
+                elif op.op == PatchOp.REMOVE:
+                    target_dict = apply_remove(target_dict, path_parts)
+                elif op.op == PatchOp.MOVE:
+                    from_parts = op.from_.strip("/").split("/") if op.from_ else []
+                    target_dict = apply_move(target_dict, from_parts, path_parts)
+                elif op.op == PatchOp.COPY:
+                    from_parts = op.from_.strip("/").split("/") if op.from_ else []
+                    target_dict = apply_copy(target_dict, from_parts, path_parts)
+                elif op.op == PatchOp.TEST:
+                    target_dict = apply_test(target_dict, path_parts, op.value)
+
+            return target_dict
+
+    # Update the model name to reflect the original model
+    patch_model_name = f"{model_class.__name__}PatchSchema"
+    JsonPatchDocument.__name__ = patch_model_name
+
+    # Override the model_json_schema method to return our custom schema
+    JsonPatchDocument.model_json_schema = classmethod(lambda cls, *args, **kwargs: patch_schema)
+
+    return JsonPatchDocument
+
+
+def apply_replace(target: dict, path_parts: List[str], value: Any) -> dict:
+    """Apply a 'replace' operation."""
+    target = target.copy()  # Create a copy to avoid modifying the original
+
+    if not path_parts:
+        # Replace entire document
+        return value
+
+    current = target
+    for i, part in enumerate(path_parts[:-1]):
+        if part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+            part = int(part)
+        if part not in current and i < len(path_parts) - 1:
+            raise ValueError(f"Path not found: {'/'.join(path_parts[:i+1])}")
+        current = current[part]
+
+    last_part = path_parts[-1]
+    if last_part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+        last_part = int(last_part)
+    if last_part not in current and not (isinstance(current, list) and last_part == "-"):
+        raise ValueError(f"Path not found: {'/'.join(path_parts)}")
+
+    current[last_part] = value
+    return target
+
+
+def apply_add(target: dict, path_parts: List[str], value: Any) -> dict:
+    """Apply an 'add' operation."""
+    target = target.copy()
+
+    if not path_parts:
+        # Replace entire document
+        return value
+
+    current = target
+    for i, part in enumerate(path_parts[:-1]):
+        if part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+            part = int(part)
+        if part not in current and i < len(path_parts) - 1:
+            if path_parts[i + 1].isdigit() or path_parts[i + 1] == "-":
+                current[part] = []
+            else:
+                current[part] = {}
+        current = current[part]
+
+    last_part = path_parts[-1]
+    if last_part == "-" and isinstance(current, list):
+        current.append(value)
+    elif last_part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+        idx = int(last_part)
+        if idx > len(current):
+            raise ValueError(f"Index out of bounds: {idx}")
+        current.insert(idx, value)
+    else:
+        current[last_part] = value
+
+    return target
+
+
+def apply_remove(target: dict, path_parts: List[str]) -> dict:
+    """Apply a 'remove' operation."""
+    target = target.copy()
+
+    if not path_parts:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot remove root document")
+
+    current = target
+    for i, part in enumerate(path_parts[:-1]):
+        if part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+            part = int(part)
+        if part not in current:
+            raise ValueError(f"Path not found: {'/'.join(path_parts[:i+1])}")
+        current = current[part]
+
+    last_part = path_parts[-1]
+    if last_part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+        idx = int(last_part)
+        if idx >= len(current):
+            raise ValueError(f"Index out of bounds: {idx}")
+        del current[idx]
+    elif last_part not in current:
+        raise ValueError(f"Path not found: {'/'.join(path_parts)}")
+    else:
+        del current[last_part]
+
+    return target
+
+
+def apply_move(target: dict, from_parts: List[str], path_parts: List[str]) -> dict:
+    """Apply a 'move' operation."""
+    target = target.copy()
+
+    # Get the value at the 'from' location
+    value = get_value(target, from_parts)
+
+    # Remove the value from the 'from' location
+    target = apply_remove(target, from_parts)
+
+    # Add the value at the 'path' location
+    return apply_add(target, path_parts, value)
+
+
+def apply_copy(target: dict, from_parts: List[str], path_parts: List[str]) -> dict:
+    """Apply a 'copy' operation."""
+    target = target.copy()
+
+    # Get the value at the 'from' location
+    value = get_value(target, from_parts)
+
+    # Add the value at the 'path' location
+    return apply_add(target, path_parts, value)
+
+
+def apply_test(target: dict, path_parts: List[str], value: Any) -> dict:
+    """Apply a 'test' operation."""
+    current_value = get_value(target, path_parts)
+
+    if current_value != value:
+        raise ValueError(f"Test failed: {'/'.join(path_parts)} does not match expected value")
+
+    return target
+
+
+def get_value(target: dict, path_parts: List[str]) -> Any:
+    """Get a value at a specific path."""
+    if not path_parts:
+        return target
+
+    current = target
+    for i, part in enumerate(path_parts):
+        if part.isdigit() and isinstance(current, list):
+            part = int(part)
+        if part not in current:
+            raise ValueError(f"Path not found: {'/'.join(path_parts[:i+1])}")
+        current = current[part]
+
+    return current
diff --git a/utils/patching_test.py b/utils/patching_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8213c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/patching_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import json
+import os
+from typing import List as TypeList
+from typing import Optional
+
+import openai
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from patching import MakePatchSchema
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+# Example usage
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    load_dotenv(override=True)
+
+    class Person(BaseModel):
+        name: str
+        age: Optional[int] = None
+        tags: TypeList[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+    # Create an instance of the model
+    person = Person(name="Arnav", age=30, tags=["developer", "python"])
+
+    # Create a patch schema for the Person model
+    PersonPatchSchema = MakePatchSchema(Person)
+    client = openai.OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
+
+    # Print the JSON schema for debugging
+    print(json.dumps(PersonPatchSchema.model_json_schema(), indent=2))
+
+    response = client.beta.chat.completions.parse(
+        model="gpt-4o",
+        messages=[
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant that generates JSON Patch operations."},
+            {
+                "role": "user",
+                "content": f"""Generate a JSON Patch operation to change the name of the person to 'Ada'
+                  and remove the age field. The original data is: {person.model_dump()}""",
+            },
+        ],
+        response_format=PersonPatchSchema,
+    )
+    response_json = response.choices[0].message.parsed
+    print(response_json)
+    patched_person = response_json.apply(person)
+    print(patched_person)